チャヒラタケ科 Famille des Crépidotes
Chandeleur oblige, il n'y a pas de crêpe idiote... le tout est de savoir la faire sauter... et l'assaisonner !
Rattachées traditionnellement aux CORTINARIALES, les Crepidotaceae sont assez hétérogènes : plus ou moins charnues ou grêles à très grêles, parfois sans stipe,
- sporée brune (ocracé jaunâtre, brunâtre, rouillée, etc.),
- à voile présent (cortine, parfois doublé d'une armille, plus rarement d'un anneau) ou absent. Le revêtement pîléique est peu ou pas différencié (jamais d'hyménoderme).
Les caractères communs sont peu nombreux :
- stipe cylindracé, égal ; arête des lames érodée ou givrée, souvent plus pâle que les faces ; odeur indistincte ;
- spores sans pore germinatif, basides tétrasporiques ; pleurocystides nulles ; pigment plutôt pariétal, incrustant, zébrant ; boucles abondantes.
La différence principale avec les Cortinariaceae est le mode biologique de nutrition, saprophytique dans le cas des Crepidotaceae.
Photo et description par Ignacio Flórez Robles
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Crepidotus calolepis (Fr.) P. Karst.
Sombrero. De 1,5-4 cm de diámetro, campanulado de joven, después semicircular o flabeliforme. Margen incurvado, finamente floconoso. Cutícula cubierta de escamas o fibrillas algodonosas de color ocre ferruginoso sobre fondo ocráceo; con la edad puede presentarse manchada de máculas rojizas. Láminas. Adherentes, gruesas, blancas de jóvenes, después ocráceas. Arista blanquecina, finamente fimbriada. Pie. Muy reducido, central al principio, después excéntrico a totalmente lateral y casi ausente. Carne. De color crema, elástica. Olor. Nulo. Sabor. Amarguillo.
Esporas. Elipsoidales a subamigdaliformes, de 6,5-8 x 5-6, µm, lisas, ocráceas. Esporada marrón ocrácea.
Hábitat. En madera muerta de eucalipto. En grupos. Época de fructificación. Finales de otoño.
Comestibilidad. Sin interés culinario.
Observaciones. Es una especie relativamente fácil de identificar por el sombrero cubierto de llamativas escamas algodonosas y su coloración tan particular.
Fecha publicación, 14 de febrero de 2017.
Crépidote mou écailleux Crepidotus calolepis (Fr.) P. Karst. [ Description d'après Régis Courtecuisse, 2000; p. 546, s.n. C. mollis var c. ]
Silhouette Pleurotoïde. Chapeau 2-10 cm, bossu, hygrophane, strié au bord, brune à gris brunâtre terne, ou gris sale à écailles fibrilleuses rousses ou fauves reposant sur une pellicule gélatineuse élastique, séparable.
Lames assez serrées, mais molles et s'espaçant avec l'âge, bistrées à brunâtre rouilé terne.
Stipe subnul ou très fugace. Chair assez mince, gélatineuse.
Sporée brun tabac. Spores 7-11 x 5-7,5 µm, ellipsoïdes ou amygdaliformes, légèrement asymétriques. Basides 20-35 µm, clavées. Cheilocystides 30-80 x 5-20 µm, cylindrolagéniformes, parfois flexueuses ou difformes. Revêtement piléique en ixocutis, à zones trichodermiques dans les squamules, à hyphes x 3-15 µm. Boucles nulles.
De juillet à décembre, sur les troncs ou branches tombées de feuillus. Régions chaudes ou méditerranéennes.
Le crépidote mou, C. mollis (Sch. : Fr.) Staude, beaucoup plus courant partout, est dépourvu de squamules piléiques ou tout au plus fibrilleux. Le caractère essentiel restant la grande taille et la pelliculeuse gélatineuse que l'on peut pincer et retirer complètement.
Plus squamuleux que moi, tu crées un nouveau binôme ! [Per qualche dollaro in più ]. Mais Béatrice S.-I. a tout mon respect !
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Crepidotus calolepis var. squamulosus (Cout.) Senn-Irlet Tassonomia Ordine Agaricales Famiglia Crepidotaceae Foto, Descrizione e MicroscopiaRegione Sardegna; Novembre 2009; Foto e microscopia di Mauro Cittadini. MicroscopiaSpore 7,8-10,2 × 5,2-6,5 µm, lisce, bruno tabacco in massa, ocracee al microsc...
https://www.funghiitaliani.it -
Crepidotus malachioides basidiomata. Note the light brown colour of the spores on the otherwise whitish pileus in 20, the hyaline hygrophanous context in the basidioma section in 23 and the pruinosity due to pileocystidia in 24. Bar = 5 mm, but 23-24 1 mm. (WU 32708).
Kasuya T. & Kobayashi T. (2011) – Sydowia 63 (2): 183–201.
Taiga Kasuya 1 & Takahito Kobayashi 2
Revision of some Japanese Crepidotus :
A new species, a new record and type studies of two species described by Sanshi Imai
1 Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
2 Hokkaido University Museum, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
Crepidotus byssinus is described as new from warm-temperate area of eastern Japan. It is placed in the subgenus Dochmiopus, section Dochmiopus, series Caspari and is morphologically similar to C. caspari var. caspari. Crepidotus calolepis var. calolepis is reported as a new record from warm-temperate broad-leaved forests of Honshu, central Japan.
Type specimens of C. badiofloccosus and C. longistriatus, both originally described from Hokkaido, northern Japan, were reexamined. Based on the morphological features, C. badiofloccosus is confirmed as a synonym of C. crocophyllus. Crepidotus longistriatus, a morphologically poorly known species, is revealed as the distinct species belonging to the subgenus Dochmiopus, section Sphareuli, series Applanatus. Descriptions, illustrations and discussions of these species are provided.
Keywords: Cortinariaceae, mycobiota, new synonymy, wood-inhabiting fungi.
Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude is a distinct, well-defined genus of the Cortinariaceae having pleurotoid basidiomata and being distributed almost throughout of the world. Worldwide, more than 200 species of this genus have been described (Kirk et al. 2009). Several monographic studies, regional mycobiotas, and taxonomic revisions of Crepidotus have been published mainly based on materials from Europe (Pilát 1948, Nordstein 1990, Watling & Gregory 1990, Senn-Irlet 1995, Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias 2005, Consiglio & Setti 2008), North America (Hesler & Smith 1965), Latin America (Singer 1973, Senn-Irlet & De Meijer 1998, Bandala & Montoya 2000ab 2004, Bandala et al. 2006, 2008 ab, Capelari 2007, 2011), Hawaiian Islands (Ueki & Smith 1973) and China (Zang & Yuan 1999, Wei & Yao 2009).
The diversity of Crepidotus spp. in Japan, however, has been poorly known so far, and hitherto, only 18 species of this genus have been recognized (Yasuda 1922, Matsuura & Kanada 1931, Imai 1938, 1939, Ito & Imai 1940, Imazeki & Toki 1954, Murata 1978, Hongo 1982, Takahashi 2003), though there are a few fragmentary publications of taxonomic revisions of Japanese Crepidotus (Hongo 1959, Neda & Doi 2000, Horak & Desjardin 2004). The most comprehensive studies on Japanese Crepidotus were published by Sanshi Imai in his monographic works on agarics of Hokkaido, northern Japan (Imai 1938, 1939). Seven species known from Japan were newly reported in these works, and four of which were described as new species. Other noteworthy studies on Japanese Crepidotus were published based on materials from Bonin Islands, southeastern Japan (Ito & Imai 1940, Hongo 1982, Horak & Desjardin 2004).
As parts of a taxonomic study of Japanese Crepidotus, we examined some specimens of the genus collected from warm-temperate forests of Honshu, Japan. As a result, we describe here a new species belonging to subgenus Dochmiopus (Pat.) Pilát, section Dochmiopus Consiglio & Setti, series Caspari Consiglio & Setti (2008) . Further, we recognized C. calolepis (Fr.) P. Karst., which was previously not known from Japan.
Moreover, we have reexamined type specimens of C. badiofloccosus S. Imai (1939) and C. longistriatus S. Imai (1938), both originally described from Hokkaido. Recently, Bandala et al. (2008a) treated C. badiofloccosus as a probable synonym of C. crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc. based on the original description by Imai (1939). However, Bandala et al. (2008a) have not examined any type material of C. badiofloccosus. Also, C. longistriatus is a morphologically poorly known fungus and no new records have been reported since the original description (Imai 1938). Therefore, we clarify the taxonomic status of these two species by morphological observations of Japanese specimens including holotypes. Consequently, C. badiofloccosus is confirmed as a synonym of C. crocophyllus and C. longistriatus is revealed as distinct species belonging to the section Sphaeruli Hesler & A.H. Sm. (1965).
In this article, we provide descriptions and illustrations of macro- and microscopic characters of the four species mentioned above; their taxonomic status and the results of comparisons with some related taxa are also discussed. The infrageneric classification of Crepidotus follows Consiglio & Setti (2008).
Taxonomy
A new species from Japan
Crepidotus byssinus T. Kasuya & Takah. Kobay., sp. nov. – Figs. 1 –2.
MycoBank no.: MB 563582
Pileus 5–20 mm latus, campanulatus vel flabellatus, convexus dein planoconvexus, albens, dein cremeus vel flavidus, sericeus, byssinus vel villosus, raro glabratus, involutus dein incurvatus ad marginem transluciduso-strigosum.
Lamellae adnatae, primo confertae, dein subdistantes, tenuis, primo cremeae, dein pudorinae vel flavidae, tandem brunneae.
Stipe et pseudostipe nulli. Caro tenuis, fragilis. Sapore gramineae, aliquanto acerbae. Odor aliquanto gramineae.
Pileipellis ex hyphis hyalinis, cylindraceis vel subcylindraceis, intertextis, cutem formantibus, pigmento albidus vel cremeus plasmatico impletis. Pleurocystidia nulli.
Cheilocystidia 20– 52.5 × 5.5–11.5 μm, cylindrata, clavata vel subclavata, leviter utriformia, flexuosa, apices 6.5–11.5 μm diameteri, rotundata, subcapitata, hyalina.
Basidia 18–30.5 × 6.5–10.5 μm, clavata vel subclavata, tetraspora, hyalina.
Basidiosporae 6.5–8.3 × 4.6–5.5 μm, ellipsoideae vel aliquanto amygdalinae, flavidobrunneae vel ferrugineae, asperratae vel crasse rugosoverrucosae, apices conspicuae, truncatae.
Holotypus. – Japan, Chiba, Funabashi, T. Kobayashi (SAPA 1221).
Basidiomata (Fig. 1A) pleurotoid. – Pileus 5–20 mm in diam., sometimes campanulate when young, later hemispheric to flabelliform, finally convex to plano-convex, with inflexed, often lobate, translucent-striate margin, laterally to dorsally attached, surface whitish, cream to pale yellow, silky, cottony to woolly, rarely glabrous; at the basal point of pileus ciliate, whitish to cream, brittle when dried. – Lamellae crowded when young, later subdistant, subventricose, adnate, thin, cream when young, then slightly pinkish to pale yellow, finally brownish, edges fimbriate, whitish to cream, sometimes irregular. – Stipe and pseudostipe sessile. – Context thin, fragile. – Taste grassy, unpleasant, slightly bitter. – Odor indistinct to slightly grassy.
Fig. 1 . – Crepidotus byssinus from SAPA 1221 (holotype): A. Basidiomata.
B –D. SEM micrographs of basidiospores.
Pileipellis a cutis composed of more or less compactly arranged, cylindrical to subcylindrical, interwoven, almost hyaline or with whitish to cream intercellular pigments, thin-walled hyphae, 2.5– 10 μm in diam., terminal element scarce, mostly undifferentiated. – Hymenophoral trama irregular, not gelatinized, hyphae 6.5–25 μm in diam., cylindrical to subventricose, hyaline or slightly pale yellow, thin-walled. – Pleurocystidia not seen. – Cheilocystidia (Fig. 2 D) 20–52.5 × 5.5–11.5 μm, numerous, cylindrical, clavate, subclavate to somewhat utriform, flexuous, apex 6.5–11.5 μm in diam., rounded, subcapitate, hyaline, thin-walled. – Basidia (Fig. 2 B) 18– 30.5 × 6.5–10.5 μm, 4–spored, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped at the base. – Basidioles (Fig. 2C) smaller than basidia. – Basidiospores (Fig s . 1B –D , 2A) 6.5–8.3 × 4.6–5.5 μm (mean = 7.6 × 5.1 μm), Q = 1.34–1.76 (mean = 1.53), ellipsoid to slightly amygdaliform, yellowish brown to rusty brown, slightly rough to asperulate, thick-walled under LM, when observed with SEM, surface thickly rugulose-verruculose, apex visibly truncate. – Clamp-connections present in all hyphal tissues.
Etymology. – byssinus, referring to the cottony surface of the pileus.
Habitat. – Gregarious on decayed trunks and fallen branches of broad-leaved trees or conifers.
Fig. 2 . – Microscopic features of C. byssinus from SAPA 1221 (holotype) : A. Basidiospores (bar = 8 μm).
B. Basidia (bar = 9 μm). C. Basidiole (bar = 6 μm). D. Cheilocystidia (bar = 10 μm).
Distribution. – Japan (warm-temperate region of eastern Honshu).
Japanese name. – Menmo-cha-hiratake (newly proposed here).
Material examined : Holotype. – Crepidotus byssinus T. Kasuya & Takah. Kobay.: JAPAN, Chiba Pref., Funabashi-shi, 11 Jul 1998, leg. & det. T. Kobayashi (SAPA 1221). Paratype– Chiba Pref., Chosei-gun, Ichinomiya-machi, 9 Jul 1994, leg. Foray of Chiba Mycological Club, det. T. Kasuya (CBM-FB-11226).
Remarks. – Remarkable characteristics of C. byssinus are : (1) whitish, cream to pale yellowish pileus with silky, cottony to woolly surface, (2) slightly pinkish to pale yellowish lamellae when mature, (3) ellipsoid to slightly amygdaliform (mean of Q= 1.53) rugulose - verruculose (SEM; Fig. 1 B–D) basidiospores with visibly truncate apices.
Moreover, the present fungus has clamp-connections in all hyphal tissues. These morphological characteristics clearly show that C. byssinus belongs to the subgenus Dochmiopus, section Dochmiopus, series Caspari.
Crepidotus byssinus is morphologically similar to the European species, C. caspari Velen. var. caspari. However, C. byssinus is easily distinguishable from C. caspari var. caspari by surface feature of the pileus and thickly rugulose-verruculose basidiospores with remarkably truncate apices. Pouzar (2005) recognized one variety of C. caspari var. caspari in Ukrainian specimens, i.e., C. caspari var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pouzar. This variety is clearly different from C. byssinus by smaller (5.6–6.6 × 4.4–5.3 μm), more broadly ellipsoid and less elongate basidiospores than those of C. byssinus.
Macroscopically, the present fungus is similar to C. fusisporus Hesler & A.H. Sm. and C. subverrucisporus Pilát, respectively. However, the present fungus is clearly distinguishable from the latter two species by the shapes of basidiospores and cheilocystidia (Consiglio & Setti 2008). Crepidotus luteolus (Lamb.) Sacc. is morphologically very similar to the present fungus, but its basidiospores are more elongated than those of C. byssinus. Furthermore, shapes of cheilocystidia of C. luteolus are very different (Consiglio & Setti 2008) from those of C. byssinus.
A new record for Japan
Crepidotus calolepis (Fr.) P. Karst. var. calolepis, Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk., 32: 414. 1879. – Figs. �3� –4�.
Basionym. – Agaricus calolepis Fr., Öfvers. K. Vetensk. -Akad. Förh., 30: 5. 1873. – Crepidotus mollis var. calolepis (Fr.) Pilát, Ann. Hist. -Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., n.s. 2B: 74. 1940. – Crepidotus mollis subsp. calolepis (Fr.) Nordstein, Synopsis Fungorum, 2: 67. 1990.
Misapplied name. – Crepidotus mollis (Fr.) Staude var. mollis sensu Hesler & Smith, North American Species of Crepidotus, 29. 1965.
Basidiomata (Fig. 3 A) pleurotoid. – Pileus 10–35 mm in diam., hemispheric, flabelliform to orbiculate, campanulate when young, later convex to plano-convex, with incurved margin, mostly laterally attached, surface sordid or pallid, densely covered with brownish, tomentose scales when young, later scales pale brown to ochraceous, appressed to fibrillose, finally scales often washed off and the pileus becoming hygrophanous, pale ochraceous to yellowish brown; at the basal point of pileus tomentose, white to cream. – Lamellae crowded, arcuate, adnexed, thin, cream when young, later pale yellow, ochraceous to brown, edges somewhat fimbriate, whitish, sometimes irregular. – Stipe sessile. – Pseudostipe sometimes recognized when young, eccentric, lateral, reduced, slightly pruinose, rudimentary (< 2.5 mm long), absent in mature stage. – Context thin, elastic, partly gelatinized, fragile. – Taste unpleasant, slightly bitter. – Odor indistinct.
Pileipellis a cutis composed of radially arranged, cylindrical to subcylindrical or sometimes ventricose, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled hyphae, 3.5–6 μm in diam., terminal element scarce, undifferentiated. – Hymenophoral trama gelatinized, irregular, hyphae 4.5–10 μm in diam., cylindrical to subventricose, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled. – Scales composed of bundles of ochraceous to brownish, 5–15 μm broad hyphae and botuliform, short cells. – Pleurocystidia not seen. – Cheilocystidia (Fig. 4 C) 23–42.5 × 4.5–8.5 μm, numerous, cylindrical, utriform to lageniform, somewhat subclavate or rarely clavate, apex 10–13.5 μm in diam., rounded, subcapitate, hyaline, septate, thin-walled. – Basidia (Fig. 4 B) 22.8– 37.5 × 5.4–7.8 μm, 4–spored, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled. – Basidiospores (Figs. 3B –D, 4 A) 6.8–9.8 × 5–6.4 μm (mean = 8.3 × 5.4 μm), Q = 1.3–1.7 (mean = 1.53), ellipsoid to slightly amygdaliform, smooth, yellowish brown to rusty brown, thick-walled. – Clamp-connections not seen (all tissues).
Habitat. – Gregarious on decayed trunks and fallen branches of broad-leaved trees.
Distribution. – Japan (new record, warm-temperate region of central Honshu), North Korea (Wojewoda et al. 2004), China (Wei & Yao 2009), Europe (Senn-Irlet 1995, Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias 2005, Consiglio & Setti 2008), North Africa (Senn-Irlet 1995), North America (Hesler & Smith 1965, as a misapplied name “C. mollis var. mollis (Fr.) Staude”) and Latin America (Bandala & Montoya 2004).
Japanese name. – Uroko-cha-hiratake (newly proposed here).
Material examined. – JAPAN, Wakayama Pref., Higashimuro-gun, Kozagawa-cho, Hirai, Wakayama experimental forest of Hokkaido University, 28 Mar 1955, leg. Y. Otani, det. T. Kasuya (SAPA 1 99); same locality, 28 March 1955, leg. Y. Otani, det. T. Kasuya (SAPA 1 200).
Remarks. – The size of the cheilocystidia of the Japanese specimens somewhat deviate from those of European and American ([26–] 32–52 [–76] × 5–8 μm; Senn-Irlet 1995, and [21–] 23–90 [–110] × [3–] 4– 10 [–11] μm; Bandala & Montoya 2004). All other morphological characteristics of the specimens examined are in full agreement with the previous descriptions of C. calolepis var. calolepis (Senn-Irlet 1995, Bandala & Montoya 2004, Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias 2005, Consiglio & Setti 2008).
Fig. 3 . – Crepidotus calolepis var. calolepis : A. Basidiomata from SAPA 1200.
B –D. SEM micrographs of basidiospores from SAPA 1199.
Crepidotus calolepis var. calolepis belongs to subgenus Crepidotus, section Crepidotus. It is closely related to C. mollis (Schaeff.) Staude and was considered as a variety or a subspecies of the latter by Pilát (1948) and Nordstein (1990), respectively. However, the present fungus is clearly distinguishable from C. mollis by the somewhat broader basidiospores and the presence of brownish to ochraceous scales on the pileal surface (Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias 2005). Since the pileal surface of C. mollis is almost glabrous (Senn-Irlet 1995, Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias 2005), the presence of scales is recognized as an important taxonomic characteristic of C. calolepis var. calolepis. Therefore, we accept that C. calolepis var. calolepis is a distinct species in the section Crepidotus following the arguments by Senn-Irlet (1995), Bandala & Montoya (2004), Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias (2005), and Consiglio & Setti (2008).
Senn-Irlet (1995) recognized one variety of the present fungus based on specimens collected from southwestern Mediterranean areas, i.e., C. calolepis var. squamulosus (Cout.) Senn-Irlet. This variety is characterized by somewhat larger basidiospores (8.5–12 × 6–7.5 μm) and broader scale-forming hyphae (up to 22 μm broad, Senn-Irlet 1995). Sizes of basidiospores (6.8–9.8 × 5–6.4 μm) and scale-forming hyphae (up to 15 μm broad) of Japanese specimens almost fit with the previous descriptions of those of var. calolepis (Senn-Irlet 1995, Bandala & Montoya 2004, Gonou-Zagou & Delivorias 2005, Consiglio & Setti 2008).
Fig. 4 . – Microscopic features of C. calolepis var. calolepis from SAPA 1199: A.
Basidiospores (bar = 9 μm). B. Basidia (bar = 8 μm). C. Cheilocystidia (bar = 8 μm).
Crepitodus viticola S. Imai, originally described from Hokkaido, Northern Japan (Imai 1938), is morphologically similar to C. calolepis var. calolepis because the former species has somewhat tomentose, yellowish surface of basidiomata and smooth, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (7.5–9 × 5 –6 6μm ; Imai 1938). However, C. calolepis var. calolepis is distinguishable from C. viticola by more densely covered scales on basidiomata and more slender basidiospores. Also, C. viticola is clearly different from C. calolepis var. calolepis because the context of its basidiomata is not gelatinized (Imazeki & Hongo 1987).
Type studies of two species described by Sanshi Imai
Crepidotus badiofloccosus S. Imai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 53: 399. 1939. – Figs. 5–7.
Type material examined. – JAPAN, Hokkaido, Prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, 2 Sep 1937, leg. & det. S. Imai (SAPA 1194, holotype!).
Information from other collections from Japan (see “Additional material examined”, indicated below) is also incorporated in the description given below.
Basidiomata (Fig. 5 ) pleurotoid. – Pileus 10–50 mm in diam., campanulate when young, then spathulate, later hemispheric, reniform to flabelliform, finally convex to plano-convex, with incurved, later straight, not sulcate-striate margin, laterally to dorsally attached, surface pallid, pale yellow to ochraceous, densely covered with yellowish, ferruginous to orange squamules when young, later squamules brownish orange to pale brown, subsquamulose, fibrillose to somewhat appressed; at the basal point of pileus tomentose to villose, ferruginous to brownish orange, brittle when dried. – Lamellae crowded, subventricose, adnexed, thin, cream when young, later pale yellow, ferruginous to orange, edges fimbriate, whitish, sometimes irregular. – Stipe sessile. – Pseudostipe rarely recognized when young, eccentric, lateral, reduced, slightly pruinose, rudimentary (< 1.5 mm long), absent in mature stage. – Context thin, white, fragile. – Taste mild to slightly bitter. – Odor indistinct to slightly grassy.
Pileipellis a cutis composed of more or less compactly arranged, repent, interwoven, cylindrical to subcylindrical or rarely subventricose, hyaline to pale yellow, 3.5–6 μm in diam., thin-walled hyphae, mixed with bundles of ascending, yellowish, 10–20 μm, often incrusted, thick-walled hyphae; terminal element of scale-forming hyphae cylindrical, somewhat flexuous, thick-walled. – Hymenophoral trama subregular to irregular, not gelatinized, hyphae 4–6 μm in diam., cylindrical to subventricose, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled. – Pleurocystidia not seen. – Cheilocystidia (Figs. 7E–F) (8–) 20–45.5 × (3.2–) 4.5–9 μm, numerous, variable in shape, clavate, subclavate to somewhat utriform or lageniform, rarely subcylindrical to almost cylindrical, apex 8–20 μm in diam., flexuous, subcapitate, hyaline, thin-walled. – Basidia (Figs. 7C–D) 25–40.5 × 4.5–8 μm, 4–spored, evanescent, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped at the base, transformed into amorphous globose to subglobose materials or cystidioid-like structures when mature. – Basidiospores (Fig. 6, 7A– B) 5–6.5 × 5–6 μm (mean = 5.8 × 5.3 μm), Q= 1.0–1.07 (mean = 1.04), globose to subglobose, warty to spinulose-verruculose, yellowish brown to rusty brown, thick-walled under LM, when observed under SEM, surface baculate, roughly covered with baculiform to somewhat echinulate spines up to 0.5 μm long. – Clamp-connections present in all tissues.
Habitat. – Gregarious or solitary on decayed trunks and fallen branches of broad-leaved trees.
Fig. 5 . – Basidiomata of C. crocophyllus: A–B. Mature basidiomata in natural habitat from INM-2-59841.
C–D . Holotype of C. badiofloccosus from SAPA 1194.
Distribution. – Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu) and China (Wei & Yao 2009).
Japanese name. – Kurige-no-cha-hiratake (Imai 1939).
Additional material examined. – JAPAN, Ibaraki Pref., Kitaibaraki-shi, Hanazono valley, 23 Sep 2001, leg. & det. N. Hirai (INM-2-26406); Hitachiomiya-shi, Shimoisehata, 17 Jun 2009, leg. T. Kasuya & Y. Kitadate, det. T. Kasuya (INM-2-59841); Sakuragawa-shi, Makabe-cho, Mt. Tsukuba, 14 Jun 2008, leg. & det. H. Neda (INM-2-58043); Tsukuba-shi, Mt. Tsukuba, 26 Sep 1995, leg. & det. M. Kuramochi (INM-2-37735); Bando-shi, Osaki, 15 Sep 2001, leg. & det. M. Kuramochi (INM-2-53090); same locality, 23 Aug 2008, leg. & det. H. Neda (INM-2-58053); same locality, 23 Aug 2008, leg. & det. H. Neda (INM-2-58057); Metropolitan Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Rikugien, 2 Jul 1988, leg. & det. T. Kobayashi (TAKK 643 in SAPA) ; Shibuya-ku, Higashi 4-chome, 8 Jul 2002, leg. His Imperial Highness Prince Hitachi (Masahito), det. T. Kasuya (TNS-F-5726) ; same locality, 12 Nov 2002, leg. His Imperial Highness Prince Hitachi (Masahito), det. T. Kasuya (TNS-F-5733); Ome-shi, Kurosawa, 2 Aug 1997, leg.Y. Doi, det. T. Kasuya (TNS-F-182538).
Fig. 6 . – SEM micrographs of basidiospores of C. crocophyllus: A – B. Holotype of C. badiofloccosus from SAPA 1194. C. From INM-2-37735. D . From INM-2-8053
Remarks. – The holotype of C. badiofloccosus consists of only one complete basidioma. For it has been preserved under good conditions, we could provide detailed observation of microscopic characteristics. Remarkable characteristics of the studied Japanese specimens including the holotype are: (1) pilei densely covered with yellowish, ferruginous, orange to brownish squamules, (2) pale yellow, ferruginous to orange lamellae, (3) globose to subglobose, baculate (SEM) basidiospores, (4) pileipellis composed of two types of hyphae, (5) high variability in the shape of cheilocystidia, and (6) evanescent basidia transformed into amorphous globose to subglobose materials or cystidioid-like structures when mature.
Imai (1939) described C. badiofloccosus as new based on the “asperulate” surface of basidiospores and briefly compared the latter with those of C. rubriflavus Murrill (= C. crocophyllus; Hesler & Smith 1965). However, from our detailed macro- and microscopic observations as well as from the aforementioned important characteristics of the studied Japanese specimens (incl. holotype) we see a good agreement with previous descriptions of C. crocophyllus (Hesler & Smith 1965, Senn-Irlet 1995, Bandala & Montoya 2008a, Consiglio & Setti 2008). Especially, concerning the surface ornamentation of basidiospores, all features of the holotype of C. badiofloccosus seen in SEM are the same as in C. crocophyllus (Fig. 6 , see also Fig. 4 of Bandala & Montoya 2008a) exhibiting the same type of surface ornamentation. Therefore, C. badiofloccosus cannot be distinguished from C. crocophyllus. Consequently, we accept the taxonomic treatment of C. badiofloccosus proposed by Bandala & Montoya (2008a), and put it into synonymy of C. crocophyllus :
Fig. 7. – Microscopic features of C. crocophyllus: A–B. Basidiospores (A. from SAPA 1194, holotype of C. badiofloccosus; B. from INM-2-26406) (bars = 6 μm). C–D . Basidia (C. from INM-2-59841; D. from SAPA 1194, holotype of C. badiofloccosus) (bars = 8 μm). E–F. Cheilocystidia (E. from INM-2-53090; F from SAPA 1194, holotype of C. badiofloccosus) (bars = 8 μm).
Crepidotus crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc., Syll. Fung., 5: 886. 1897.
Basionym. – Agaricus crocophyllus Berk., Lond. J. Bot., 6: 313. 1847.
Synonym. – Crepidotus badiofloccosus S. Imai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 53: 399. 1939.
The present fungus belongs to the subgenus Dochmiopus, section Sphaeruli, series Crocophyllus Consiglio & Setti (2008). It is closely related to C. ehrendorferi Hauskn. & Krisai which has fibrillose pileus, orange lamellae and globose to subglobose, warty to spinulose basidiospores (Hausknecht & Krisai 1988). However, C. ehrendorferi is distinguishable from the present fungus by greyish surface of pileus and more slender, mostly cylindrical to subfusoid cheilocystidia (Hausknecht & Krisai 1988).
Crepidotus crocophyllus has a wide distribution in Europe (Senn-Irlet 1995, Consiglio & Setti 2008), North America (Hesler & Smith 1965), Latin America (Bandala & Montoya 2008a) and South America (Horak 1964, Hesler & Smith 1965). Its distribution expands from cool-temperate areas to tropics; however, it is “rare” in Europe (Senn-Irlet 1995) and “fragmented” in Americas (Bandala & Montoya 2008a). In Japan, C. crocophyllus is frequently recorded from broad-leaved forests of warm-temperate areas (Imazeki & Hongo 1987, Imazeki et al. 1988; both as C. badiofloccosus) and it seems to be one of the most common species of Crepidotus in Japan. Previously, well-defined pictures and descriptions of Japanese materials of the present fungus have been published (Imazeki & Hongo 1987, Imazeki et al. 1988, Ikeda 2005; each as C. badiofloccosus).
Crepidotus longistriatus S. Imai, J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 43: 242. 1938. – Figs. 8–9.
Type material examined. – JAPAN, Hokkaido, Prov. Ishikari, Nopporo, 9 Jul 1933, leg. & det. S. Imai (SAPA 1193, holotype!).
Basidiomata (Fig. 8A) pleurotoid. – Pileus 10–20 mm in diam., hemispheric, spathulate or flabelliform, convex to plano-convex, later almost applanate, with sulcate-striate margin, glabrous. – Lamellae crowded, subdecurrent to decurrent, thin, edges somewhat irregular. – Stipe sessile. – Pseudostipe sometimes present, eccentric, slightly pruinose, rudimentary (< 2 mm long). – Context thin, fragile. – Taste mild to slightly bitter. – Odor indistinct.
Fig. 8. – Crepidotus longistriatus from SAPA 1193 (holotype): A. Basidiomata.
B –D. SEM micrographs of basidiospores.
Pileipellis a cutis composed of more or less compactly arranged, cylindrical to subcylindrical or rarely ventricose, interwoven, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled hyphae, 3.5–12 μm in diam., terminal element scarce, undifferentiated. – Hymenophoral trama subregular to irregular, not gelatinized, hyphae 4.5–5.8 μm in diam., cylindrical to subventricose, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled. – Pleurocystidia not seen. – Cheilocystidia (Fig. 9C) 13–42.5 × 4.5–14.5 μm, numerous, clavate, subclavate to capitate or somewhat utriform to rarely lageniform, apex 11–14.5 μm in diam., rounded, subcapitate to capitate, hyaline, thin-walled. – Basidia (Fig. 9B) 11.8– 37.5 × 3.4–8.8 μm, 4–spored, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped at the base. – Basidiospores (Figs. 8 B–D, 9A) 5.8–6.8 × 5.4–6 μm (average = 6.3 × 5.2 μm), Q = 1.0–1.06 (mean 1.03; n = 40), globose to subglobose, spinulose to spinulose-verruculose, yellowish brown to rusty brown, thick-walled, when observed with SEM, surface baculate, coarsly covered with baculiform to somewhat echinulate spines up to 1 μm long. – Clamp-connections rare in all tissues.
Habitat. – Gregarious on decayed trunks and fallen branches of broad-leaved trees.
Distribution. – Japan (Hokkaido). Known only from the type locality.
Japanese name. – Zarami-no-cha-hiratake (Imai 1938).
Remarks. – The holotype of C. longistriatus consists of a few complete and several fragmental basidiomata. Despite its relatively poor state we were able to observe detailed microscopic characteristics. The present fungus belongs to the subgenus Dochmiopus, section Sphaeruli by having clamped hyphae and globose to subglobose, baculate basidiospores. Although Imai (1938) described pileal color of the present fungus as “white”, we could not clearly recognize it in the holotype. The other characteristics of this fungus, however, particularly the glabrous pileal surface without fibrils, clearly suggest that its placement in the series Applanatus Consiglio & Setti (2008). Crepidotus applanatus (Pers.) P. Kumm., the type species of the series Applanatus, is morphologically similar to C. longistriatus because the former has a whitish, glabrous pileus, a translucent-striate pileal margin, globose to subglobose, baculate basidiospores and clavate to capitate cheilocystidia (Senn-Irlet 1995, Consiglio & Setti 2008). Crepidotus longistriatus is distinguished from C. applanatus and the other taxa belonging to the series Applanatus by its sulcate-striate margin of pileus and well-developed baculiform to somewhat echinulate spines (up to 1 μm) of basidiospores (SEM, Fig. 8 B–D). Therefore, we newly define C. longistriatus as good, distinct species belonging to the series Applanatus.
Fig. 9. – Microscopic features of C. longistriatus from holotype, SAPA 1193: A. Basidiospores (bar = 6 μm). B. Basidia (bar = 8 μm). C. Cheilocystidia (bar = 10 μm).
Reexamination of Crepidotus crocophyllus (Basidiomycota,
Fungi) in Japan, with reference to its phylogenetic placement
Taiga KASUYA 1）, Kunihiko UNO 2）and Kentaro HOSAKA
Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude is the distinct, well-defined genus having pleurotoid basidiomata of Inocybaceae (Basidiomycota, Fungi) and distributed throughout most of the world1). More than 200 species of this genus have been described 2) in the world. Modern molecular phylogenetic studies 3~7) have highlighted the monophyletic status of Crepidotus, and the result has been supported also by Garnica et al. 8) and the multi-gene analyses by Matheny et al. 9)Although Crepidotus has been treated as a member of the family Crepidotaceae based on traditional morphological studies10), recent molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that Crepidotus and Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. are each other’s closest relatives, viz. sister groups 11).
As above, higher-level classification Crepidotus has recently been revised using molecular phylogenetic analyses. Simultaneously, several studies on species taxonomy of Crepidotus have mainly been published focusing on materials from Europe10,12~15), Japan1,16~18) and Latin America19~25). However, recent studies on species taxonomy of Crepidotus have mainly been conducted based on only traditional morphological methods. Molecular phylogenetic analyses provide an effective alternative to evaluate useful morphological characteristics in species taxonomy of fungi. Therefore, taxonomic revisions of Crepidotus species using both molecular phylogenetic and morphological methods are needed.
Based on the above backgrounds, the present study made an attempt to reexamine the taxonomy of Crepidotus at species level. We focused on the widely distributed species, C. crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc. This species has a wide distribution in Europe 10,14), Japan 1), North America 26), Latin America 24) and South America 26~27). Crepidotus crocophyllus is one of the most common species of the genus in Japan, and it has previously been known as C. badiofloccosus S. Imai, a synonym of C. crocophyllus 1).
Since the variable morphological characters especially cheilocystidia, and ecologically diverse habitats expanding from cool-temperate areas to tropics1,10,24), C. crocophyllus probably comprises a species complex. However, no taxonomic reexamination and molecular phylogenetic studies on C. crocophyllus have previously been conducted. Accordingly, phylogenetic relationships of C. crocophyllus between geographically different regions have not been known yet. Therefore, it is unclear whether truly C. crocophyllus includes multiple species or not. In addition, the possibility of existence of cryptic species in C. crocophyllus has not been examined. To resolve these issues, in this article we provide a phylogenetic analysis of Japanese C. crocophyllus based on sequences of nuclear rRNA ITS region. Moreover, we also provide descriptions and illustrations of macro- and microscopic characters of Japanese C. crocophyllus; their taxonomic status are also discussed.
Table 1. Sequence data of nuclear rRNA ITS region newly generated for the present study and associated GenBank
accession numbers.
Species Locality Date Collector Herbarium Specimen No. Accession No.
Crepidotus crocophyllus Japan, Chiba, Choshi, Tokai Shrine May 18, 2013 T. Kasuya TNS Kasuya B950 KF680279
Crepidotus crocophyllus Japan, Chiba, Choshi, Tokai Shrine May 31, 2013 T. Kasuya TNS Kasuya B983 KF680280
Crepidotus sp. Japan, Kochi, Aki, Furui July 2, 2010 T. Kasuya TNS Kasuya B225 KF680278
Inocybe Lilacina Japan, Ibaraki, Hitachinaka, Mawatar i November 6, 2011 T. Kasuya INM 2–71759 KF680277
Inocybe maculata Japan, Chiba, Asahi, Nagabe June 15, 2013 T. Kasuya TNS Kasuya B993 KF680276
Table 2. Sequence data used for the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rRNA ITS
region obtained from GenBank accession numbers
Species Origin Accession No.
Crepidotus crocophyllus USA FJ596821
Crepidotus crocophyllus USA FJ596822
Crepidotus crocophyllus USA FJ596823
Crepidotus crocophyllus USA FJ596824
Crepidotus crocophyllus USA FJ596825
Crepidotus applanatus USA FJ596803
Crepidotus applanatus USA FJ596805
Crepidotus cf. applanatus USA DQ202273
Crepidotus luteolus Italy JF907963
Crepidotus novae-zealandiae New Zealand HQ533046
Crepidotus subverrucisporus Italy JF907961
Crepidotus sphaerosporus Italy JF907960
Crepidotus sp. India JN113588
3. Results and Discussion
3. 1. Description of Japanese specimens of C. crocophyllus
Crepidotus crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum, 5, 886, 1897 (Fig. 1).
Basidiomata (Fig. 1B-C) pleurotoid. Pileus 25–50 mm in diam., campanulate when young, then spathulate, later hemispheric, reniform to fl abelliform, fi nally convex to plano-convex, with incurved, later straight, not sulcate striate margin, laterally to dorsally attached, surface pallid, pale yellow to ochraceous, densely covered with yellowish to ferruginous squamules when young, later squamules pale brown to brown, subsquamulose, fibrillose to somewhat appressed; at the basal point of pileus tomentose to villose, ferruginous to brown, brittle when dried. Lamellae crowded, subventricose, adnexed, thin, cream when young, later pale yellow to ferruginous, edges fimbriate, whitish, sometimes irregular. Stipe sessile. Pseudostipe absent. Context thin, white, fragile.
Taste mild to slightly bitter. Odor indistinct.
Pileipellis a cutis composed of more or less compactly arranged, repent, interwoven, cylindrical to subcylindrical or rarely subventricose, hyaline to pale yellow, 3–6 μm in diam., thin-walled hyphae, mixed with bundles of ascending, yellowish, 10-20 μm, often incrusted, thick-walled hyphae; terminal element of scale-forming hyphae cylindrical, somewhat f lexuous, thick-walled. Hymenophoral trama subregular to irregular, not gelatinized, hyphae 4–6 μm in diam., cylindrical to subventricose, hyaline to pale yellowish, thin-walled.
Pleurocystidia not seen. Cheilocystidia (9–) 20–40 × (3–) 4–9 μm, numerous, variable in the shape, clavate, subclavate to somewhat utriform or lageniform, rarely subcylindrical to almost cylindrical, apex 8–20 μm in diam., flexuous, subcapitate, hyaline, thin-walled.
Basidia 25–40 × 4–8 μm, 4–spored, evanescent, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped at the base, transformed into amorphous globose to subglobose materials or cystidioidlike structures when mature.
Basidiospores 5–6.5 × 5–6 μm (mean = 5.7 × 5.2 μm), Q = 1.0–1.06 (mean = 1.03), globose to subglobose, warty to spinulose-verruculose, yellowish brown to rusty brown, thick-walled under LM, when observed under SEM, surface baculate, roughly covered with baculiform to somewhat echinulate spines up to 0.5 μm long (Fig. 1D).
Fig. 1. Habitat and baisidiomata of Crepidotus crocophyllus. A: Habitat of C. crocophyllus in Choshi. B: Lamellae
of mature basidiomata (TNS Kasuya B983). C: Mature basidiomata showing pileal surface and lamellae
(TNS Kasuya B983). D: A basidiospore showing baculate ornamentation (TNS Kasuya B950).
Habitat: Gregarious or solitary on decayed trunks and fallen branches of evergreen broad-leaved trees, especially on Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba and Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. (Fig. 1A).
Japanese name: Kurige-no-cha-hiratake 42). Specimens examined: JAPAN, Chiba Pref., Choshishi, Takagami-nishi-machi, Tokai Shrine, 18 May, 2013, leg. & det. T. Kasuya (TNS Kasuya B950); same locality, 31 May, 2013, leg. & det. T. Kasuya (TNS Kasuya B983).
Remarks: Remarkable characteristics of the studied Japanese specimens are: (1) pilei densely covered with ferruginous to brownish squamules, (2) pale yellow to ferruginous lamellae, (3) globose to subglobose, baculate (SEM) basidiospores, (4) pileipellis composed of two types of hyphae, (5) high variability in the shape of cheilocystidia, and (6) evanescent basidia transformed into amorphous globose to subglobose materials or cystidioid-like structures when mature. From our detailed macro- and microscopic observations as well as from the aforementioned important characteristics of the studied Japanese specimens we see a good agreement with previous descriptions of C. crocophyllus 1,10,14,24,26). Morphologically, Japanese C. crocophyllus cannot be distinguishable from those of European and American specimens.
3. 2. Phylogenetic and taxonomic implications
By the maximum parsimony analysis, all sequences of ITS regions of Japanese C. crocophyllus were placed within a strongly supported clade (BS = 100%; Fig. 2). Our two sequences from Japanese C. crocophyllus differed each other at only one base each other. We treat this single difference as intraspecifi c variation because there are no morphological differences between two Japanese specimens used for the phylogenetic analysis. A clade including the North American (USA) group of C. crocophyllus (Fig. 2) was resolved as the sister group of Japanese C. crocophyllus in the strict consensus of equally parsimonious trees with strong support (Fig. 2).
The present phylogenetic analysis reveals that taxa tentatively identified as “C. crocophyllus” turned out to be polyphyletic (Fig. 2) for the fi rst time. Therefore, Crepidotus species previously recognized as “C. crocophyllus” comprises species complex. The type specimen of C. crocophyllus was collected from Ohio, USA43). While several sequences of C. crocophyllus from North America were included in the present analysis, we could not obtain any sequence data of the holotype. Moreover, our analysis includes only two sequences of Japanese C. crocophyllus. Previously, C. crocophyllus has been reported from multiple continents such as Eurasia, North America and South America1,10,14,24,26). Therefore, further phylogenetic analyses of C. crocophyllus sensu lato including the holotype and specimens from geographically different regions are required to evaluate taxonomic status of this species complex.
The present study showed the polyphyly of C. crocophyllus sensu lato and suggests it includes multiple taxa. However, Japanese specimens of C. crocophyllus sensu lato cannot be distinguished from European and American ones by traditionally used morphological characters for taxonomy of Crepidotus. Therefore, further analyses of relationships of clades detected by C. crocophyllus sensu lato between molecular phylogeny and morphology are needed for taxonomic revision of this species complex.
3. 3 Phylogeographic implication
In our analyses, sequence data of Japanese C. crocophyllus sensu lato were obtained from only two specimens. Moreover, samples from the other areas including Europe, North America, Latin America and South America have not been collected. Although the present study newly suggests the monophyly of Japanese C. crocophyllus sensu lato (Fig. 2), we could not conclude at this time whether the Japanese group is truly monophyletic due to a few taxon sampling. Further comprehensive sampling of C. crocophyllus from multiple continents will clarify detailed traits of its polyphyly and evolutionary process.
It is noteworthy to mention that C. crocophyllus sensu lato is saprotrophic. In addition, nearly all taxa within Crepidotus are reported as saprotrophic 1,10). Saprotrophic fungi are generally more widespread in distribution than ectomycorrhizal fungi because they do not require the presence of compatible host plants 31). However, in spite of its saprotrophic habit of Crepidotus, distinct phylogenetic clades of C. crocophyllus sensu lato were recognized between USA and Japan (Fig. 2). Presumably, this fact shows that long distance dispersal of Crepidotus species may not occur frequently, and despite its saprotrophic habits, distribution and species dispersal of Crepidotus may be restricted by geographic and environmental conditions such as climate, soil and vegetation.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the director of Tokai Shrine, Choshi for facilitating the fieldwork in the forest around the shrine. Thanks also go to Ms. Kyung-Ok Nam, Mr. Kazuo Nishibori, Ms. Miki Arai, Mr. Shota Hanawa, Ms. Miki Ikeda, Mr. Kazuki Kobayashi, Ms. Megu Mikami, Mr. Yuki Miyama, Ms. Yuka Sugahara and Ms. Anna Togawa for assisting our curatorial work. This research was fi nanced in part by the research program of Chiba Institute of Science, “Investigation of macrofungi in laurel forests on the coast of Choshi: towards the establishment of fungal inventory in Choshi” project.
|
和名 : |
ウロコチャヒラタケ |
| 学名： | Crepidotus calolepis |
バライロチャヒラタケ Crepidotus boninensis (Hongo) E. Horak & アセタケ科Inocybaceae小笠原諸島母島
ザラミノチャヒラタケCrepidotus longistriatus S. Imai アセタケ科Inocybaceae北海道
オガサワラチャヒラタケ Crepidotus palmularis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) アセタケ科Inocybaceae小笠原諸島父島・母島
ムラサキチャヒラタケ Crepidotus subpurpureus S. Ito & S. Imai アセタケ科Inocybaceae小笠原諸島母島
ツチチャヒラタケ Crepidotus terrestris S. Imai アセタケ科Inocybaceae北
Titre : Ramicola centunculus var. luxurians Romagn.
Date : septembre, 21 1986 10:41:10
Description : Forêt de Saint Germain (Achères Ville) E. Fichet 160 espèces
Tags associés : Naucoria,Ramicola,centunculus,luxurians
Titre : Ramicola centunculus 2000 0612
Date : septembre, 29 2000 10:50:20
Description : Jougu - Kenshouji et Bois de l’étang d’Ise-ji
Tags associés : Ramicola,centunculus,ビロードムクエタ
Titre : Ramicola centunculus 2000 0612
Date : septembre, 29 2000 10:50:20
Description : Jougu - Kenshouji et Bois de l’étang d’Ise-ji
Tags associés : Ramicola,centunculus,ビロードムクエタケ
Étage collinéen (150-500m) lisière de sous-bois.Quercus glauca Thunb. ex Murray [arakashi].Forêt pénétropicale Japon-Ouest (Été chaud et humide/ hiver doux et sec).Substrat: lignicole.humus moyen (moder). Quercus glauca (chêne vert), plus loin Q. acutissima et Pinus densiflora
Titre : Ramicola centunculus 2000 0929_mont
Date : septembre, 29 2000 10:50:59
Description : Kenshô-ji, Jôgutenmangu sur branche pourrie
Tags associés : Ramicola,centunculus,ビロードムクエタケ
チャムクエタケモドキ 学名：Tubaria furfuracea
Titre : Phaeocollybia lugubris 1986 1017
Date : octobre, 17 1986 10:40:23
Description : Leg G. Tassi (camping) Congrès SMF Montluçon
Tags associés : Phaeocollybia lugubris
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