F-60 Forêt de Hez-Froidmont. Hêtres sur calcaire.

01- Collybia dryophila +                    25- Collybia radicata 3           49- Calocera cornea ++
02- Trametes gibbosa ++                 26- Melanoleuca vulgaris 1    50- Mycena pelianthina 1
03- Schizophyllum commune +        27- Agrocybe praecox +         51- Stereum insignitum +
04- Ganoderma applanatum +         28- Fuligo septica 5                52- Stereum hirsutum ++
05- Coriolus versicolor +++              29- Lycogala epidendron +     53- Coprinus plicatilis +
06- Mycena pura ++                         30- Inocybe maculata +          54- Trametes trogii +
07- Clitocybe infundibuliformis 7      31- Auricularia mesenterica +
08- Pluteus cervinus 6                     32- Collybia fusipes 3
09- Pluteus fayodii 1                        33- Boletus badius 1
10- Megacollybia platyphylla +        34- Agaricus semotus 1
11- Inocvbe godeyi 2                       35- Leptoporus adustus ++
12- Coprinus radians +                    36- Lepista nuda 3
13- Coprinus atramentarius +          37- Tremella mesenterica +
14- Phallus impudicus +                  38- Agaricus campestris 2
15- Tubaria conspersa ? +              39- Marasmius ramealis ++++ D
16- Clitocybe hydrogramma 1         40- Lycoperdon perlatum 2
17- Dryophila mutabilis                    41- Inocybe fastigiata 1
18- Psathyrella candolleana +         42- Bolbitius vitellinus 2
19- Psathyrella spadiceogrisea ++  43- Tricholoma georgii ++ (Picea, orange caps)
20- Peziza sp +++                           44- Melanoleuca strictipes 2 D
21- Peziza eximia 2 Diapo              45- Rhodophyllus cetratus D
22- Anthracobia sp. +                      46- Amanita excelsa 2
23- Exidia glandulosa 4                   47- Marasmius rotula +++
24- Amanita rubescens 6                48- Dacrymyces deliquescens +

Titre : Melanoleuca strictipes
Date : juin, 20 1987  
Description :  Forêt de Hez-Froidmont domaniale de 2 800 hectares situé sur le territoire de sept communes dans le département de l'Oise
Tags associés :  Melanoleuca,strictipes

Melanoleuca strictipes (P. Karst.) Métrod, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 64: 160, 1948 Figs. 2–6

ºTricholoma strictipes P. Karst., Meddelanden af Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 6: 7, 1881.
–Collybia strictipes (P. Karst.) Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 9: 30, 1891.
–Agaricus strictipes(P. Karst.) Britzelm., Bericht des Naturhistorischen Vereins in Augsburg 31: 160, 1894. –Melanoleuca evenosa var.strictipes (P. Karst.) Pace, L’atlante dei funghi: 155, 1975 (comb. inv.).
=Tricholoma cnista Fr. ss. Bres., Fungi Tridentini: 44–45, 1881.
=Tricholoma cnistavar.evenosum (Sacc.) Sacc. & Traverso, Sylloge Fungorum 20: 992, 1911.
–Tricholoma evenosum (Sacc.) L. Maire, Étude Synthétique sur le GenreTricholoma: 32, 1916.
–Melanoleuca evenosa (Sacc.) Konrad, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 43: 184–186,1927.
=Agaricus subalpinus Britzelm., Hymenomycetes aus Südbayern 8: 4, 1894.
–Tricholoma sub-alpinum (Britzelm.) Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 11: 12, 1895.
–Melanoleuca subalpina (Britzelm.)Bresinsky & Stangl, Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 1: 46, 1976.
=Melanoleuca substrictipes Kühner, Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 47(1): 52, 1978 (proparte, see notes below).
=Melanoleuca substrictipes var. sarcophylla Kühner in Bon, Flore Mycologique d’Europe 2: 125,1991.
–Melanoleuca exscissa f. sarcophylla (Kühner) Fontenla, Para & Vizzini, Mycotaxon 118:374, 2011.

Lectotype (designated here).Tricholoma strictipes P. Karst., Finland, Etelä-Häme, Tammela,Mustiala, Salois, July 1878 leg. et det. P.A. Karsten (H 6003412, herbarium Petter Adolf Karsten).

Macroscopic characters.

Pileus (30) 55–115 mm broad, low convex to applanate, slightly depressed and with distinct to indistinct broad umbo at centre, slightly inflexed to straight at margin, irregular, hygrophanous, smooth orfinely rugulose (under lens), glabrous, (ochraceous) brown (5B3, 6C-D5-6) at centre; paler, leathery yellow (± 5A2-3) to almost cream (3A2-3) coloured at margin.

Lamellae moderately close, L = 50–100, l = (2)3–6, irregular, emarginate and attached with tooth, sinuate, sometimes rather narrow (up to 6 mm), cream coloured with beige tint, with concolorous, finely pubescent edge; slightly yellowing when drying out.

Stipe (40) 60–130 × 7–11 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, with a distinct bulb (up to 20 mm) at base, longitudinally fibrillose, slightlytwisted, finely pubescent-tomentose at apex, white or whitish; with white basal mycelium. Context whitish, ochraceous brownish under pileipellis, with fungoid,sometimes slight spermatic smell and mild taste.

Microscopic characters.

Basidiospores 7–10 × (4)4.5–6 μm, average = 9.1 × 5.2 μm, E = 1.45–2.10, Q = 1.75, ellipsoid, ellipsoid-fusoid or ellipsoid-cylindrical, ornamentation minute, verruculose with connections, amyloid. Basidia(19)23–36 × 9–12 μm, 4-spored, rarely 2-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15–33 × 5–11 μm, clavate, subcylindrical, subvesiculose.

Cheilo- and pleurocystidia macrocystidioid, (18)46–85(90) × (9)15–21(28) μm, fusoid, sublageniform, sometimes almost lanceolate, obtuse, rarely septate, thin-walled with often slightly thick-walled apex, muricate or not.

Trama hyphae cylindrical to subinflated, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 15 (25) μm wide.

Pileipellis an ixocutis (up tosubixotrichoderm at centre), composed of cylindrical, thin-walled, smooth or minutely incrusted, non-dextrinoid, 3–8 μm wide hyphae; terminal cells appressed to erect, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, (sub)fusoid, thin-walled, up to 10 μm wide.

Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, ± thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 7 μmwide hyphae. Caulocystidia of two types: (1) frequent, 18–48 × 4–12(14) μm,clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid, rarely irregular, branched or subcoralloid, thin-walled, and (2) macrocystidia, scattered, 59–73 × 13–18 μm, fusoid or sublageni-form, thin-walled.

Basal mycelium of cylindrical, ± thin-walled, up to 8 μm widehyphae; mycelial cystidia very rare,45–52 × 4–4.5 μm, subulate. Clamp connections absent.

Ecology.

On soil, in grass on montane to alpine (snow-patch) grassland habitats and pastures, in forest margins (Picea, Betula), and in broadleaved forests (Quercus).

Distribution. Melanoleuca strictipes is widely distributed throughout Europe (e.g. our studies, Bon 1991, Legon & Henrici 2005, Vesterholt 2012).

DISCUSSION

Melanoleuca strictipes is characterised by rather robust basidiomata, a glabrous, centrally brown (sometimes ochraceous brown) and marginally leathery yellow or almost cream pileus, cream coloured lamellae, a white or whitish stipe,whitish context, basidiospores with minute verruculose ornamentation, fusoid orsublageniform, macrocystidioid cheilo- and pleurocystidia, and caulocystidia oftwo types.

It belongs to sect. Alboflavidae Singer.In Europe, two other whitish coloured species of Melanoleuca occur, but both of them have urticoid cheilocystidia. One, M. verrucipes (Fr.) Singer, is easily distinguishable from M. strictipes by its unique black dots or scales on the stipe.The other one, M. diverticulata G. Moreno & Bon, may occasionally have an albino form, and may be mistaken for M. strictipes,but can be identified based onthe cystidia.

When we compare our phylogeny results with Vizzini et al. (2011), their tree topology is in agreement with ours. The difference between their sequences of M. strictipes (JN616464–JN616466) and the newly obtained ones are probably caused by the bad analysis of raw sequence data before submission to GenBank. Some authors distinguish M. subalpina from M. strictipes.

According to Vesterholt (2012), M. subalpina is characterised by a shorter stipe than the pileusdiameter, cheilocystidia with a rounded apex, and grows in dry grassland, pas-tures and alpine heathland.Melanoleuca strictipesis characterised by a longerstipe than the pileus diameter, cheilocystidia mostly with an acute apex, and grows in grassland, deciduous and mixed forests and in gardens.

Bon (1991) considered M. subalpina a montane species with a white pileus and ochraceous yellowish centre. On the other hand, his concept of M. strictipes is different from other authors. The species has an initially pale beige or whitish, later grey-beige coloured pileus with a brown-olivaceous centre and a long-lasting paler, ± pruinose margin, and occurs in mossy or grassy deciduous forest habitats.

Moser (1978) distinguished both species according to the presence of a farinaceous smell and a stipe longer than the pileus diameter in M. strictipes. However, thesequences of the epitype of M. subalpina match with those of M. strictipes. Kühner (1978) described a new species, Melanoleuca substrictipes, based on material from Savoie, France.

The holotype specimen consists of two basidiomata representing quite different species (even from different subgenera) – part A represents M. exscissa (GenBank accession no. LT594134; Antonín et al. in preparation), and part B a macrocystidioid M. strictipes.

Some authors distinguish another white species, M. nivea Métrod ex Boekhout, in sect. Alboflavidae. It differs by smaller basidiomata (pileus 30–50 mm broad, stipe 30–55 × 4–7.5 mm) with a grey-brown stipe finally becoming greyish in the upper part and brownish towards the base, context whitish in pileus, brown to orange-brown in the upper stipe part and dark brown towards the base, and smaller basidiospores [7–8.5(9) × 4–5 μm] and cheilo- and pleurocystidia [(35)40–65 × 9–15(20) μm].

It grows in grassland on coastal dunes and on sandy soils (Boekhout 1988, 1999, Bon 1991, Watling & Turnbull 1998, Gröger 2006). Ac-cording to the description, it should be a fungus different from M. strictipes. However, Vizzini et al. (2011) studied several collections of M. nivea, whose sequences belonged to three separate clades outside sect. Alboflavidae. According to these authors, none of them representedM. nivea– they were (1) an albinoform of M. melaleuca s.Fontenla et al. (2003), (2) a taxon close to M. robusta (Bres.) Fontenla, Gottardi & Para [= Melanoleuca humilis var. robusta (Bres.) Bon], and (3) probably an albino form of M. albifolia Boekhout.

We received the ITS sequence of a specimen of M. nivea identified by Bon, which seems to be a separate lineage. It is necessary to study new collections of it and select an epitype. Velenovský (1920) described another white-coloured macrocystidioid species,Tricholoma candidum Velen. [= Melanoleuca candida (Velen.) Singer] with a 60–100 mm broad, pure white (pale ochraceous when moist) pileus, a whitestipe about as long as the pileus diameter, and white, pinkish tinged lamellae.

Type revision confirmed that it belongs to M. strictipes. However, the name T. candidum (and the subsequent combination) is invalid because of the presence of the older name Tricholoma candidum A. Blytt 1905. The sequence JN052142 generated by Vizzini et al. (2011) was identified as M. evenosa (herbarium spec. MCVE 14576) in the paper but this is labelled as M. candida in GenBank.

According to Bon (1991), Melanoleuca parisianorum R. Haller Aar. ex Bon (with var. clitocyboides Bon) should be close toM. niveaandM. subalpina, the main differential character being the presence of a distinct, aniseed-, violet- or Hebeloma sacchariolens-like smell. We sequenced the type specimen of var.clitocyboides (Italy, Val de Rabbi, 1 Sept. 1983, leg. Gruppo Micologico Bresadola, LIP, herb. Bon 83102), but the sequencing failed.

Melanoleuca cinereifolia and its var. maritima differ strongly from M. strictipes in having the following characters: pileus dark greyish-brown, stipe more orless concolorous, lamellae greyish, andcontext in the lower part of the stipedarker brownish. Furthermore, it grows on sandy sea dunes.

Melanoleuca cinereifolia has not been recorded in the Czech Republic or Slovakia.The ecological amplitude of the studied collections of M. strictipes is ratherwide. The species grows in lowl and deciduous forests (BRNM 751690), uplandgrasslands (SLO 1661), on mountain pastures (SLO 1669) up to alpine meadows and snow-patch grasslands (BRNM 781383 and BRNM 781303). The altitude range of the localities is 190–2280 m. The ecology encompasses that of both species, M. strictipes and M. subalpina, in the literature (see above). Therefore, therange of habitats also supports the conspecificity of both taxa

 Ďuriška O., Antonín V., Para R., Tomšovský M., Jančovičová S. (2017): Taxonomy,ecology and distribution ofMelanoleuca strictipes(Basidiomycota,Agaricales)in Europe. – Czech Mycol. 69(1): 15–30.

Melanoleuca strictipes (P. Karst.) Métrod, a species characterised by whitish colours and macrocystidia in the hymenium, has for years been identified as several different species.

Based on morphological studies of 61 specimens from eight countries and a phylogenetic analysis of ITS se-quences, including type material of M. subalpinaand M.substrictipes var. sarcophyllum, we confirm conspecificity of these specimens and their identity as M. strictipes. The lectotype of this species is designated here. The morphological and ecological characteristics of this species are presented.

Key words: taxonomy, phylogeny, M. subalpina, M. substrictipes var. sarcophyllum.