Faux Bolet amer ニガイグチモドキ

Tylopilus neofelleus Hongo 1967, Journ. of Jap. Bot. 42: 154.

Faux Bolet amer   ニガイグチモドキ
Diagnose princeps :

• Basidiomycota / Homobasidiomycetes / Boletales / Boletaceae

• Synonymes
  Tylopilus felleus sensu Kawamura 1929, non Fries ;
  T. plumbeoviolaceus sensu Hongo 1960, non Snell

• Chapeau 6-11 cm, pulviné à convexe, puis plus ou moins étalé, marge incurvée dans la jeunesse, surface sèche, veloutée, finement tomenteuse, couleur brun noisette olivacé à bronze.

• Chair épaisse, ferme, blanche, immuable, odeur faible à subnulle, saveur amère.

• Tubes adnés puis adnexés, déprimés autour du stipe, blanchâtres puis incarnat vineux à rosâtres, 6-12 mm de long x 1,5 de diamètre; pores couleur de faon, (Magenta grisâtre, rouge Rubis grisâtre ou plus pâles pour les récoltes de Nouvelle-Guinée), minuscules et arrondis dans la jeunesse, puis de taille moyenne et subanguleux.

• Stipe 6-11 x 1,5-2,4 cm, épais et solide, souvent épaissi à la base (atténué à la base pour les récoltes de Nouvelle-Guinée), finement tomenteux, brun rougeâtre à brun grisâtre, ou subconcolore au chapeau (brun fauve olivacé), jaune de miel au sommet, plus pâle ou blanchâtre aux deux bouts, subvelouté, non réticulé, ou avec un subtil réseau formé de pores descendants sur le sommet (Nouvelle-Guinée), parfois ruguleux. Base à tomentum blanchâtre.

• Spores en masse rosâtre sale à brun vineux, lavées de jaune de miel sous le microscope, (6,5)7,5-9,5 x 3,5-4(4,5) µm, (7-8,5 x 3-3,5 µm pour les récoltes de Nouvelle-Guinée), ellipsoïdes-subfusiformes; Basides tétrasporiques, 30 x 7,5 µm, cystides nombreuses, 20-50 x 5-7,5 µm, subcylindracées à subfusoïdes, à paroi mince, jaunâtres. Trame bilatérale de type Boletorum. Boucles absentes.

• Ecologie : vient en été-automne, dans les bois mêlés de Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata au Japon et en Corée du Sud, Catastanopsis-Quercus-Araucaria, etc. en Nouvelle-Guinée.

• Comestibilité sans intérêt

• Références bibliographiques ：JJB 42 p. 154-155 ; Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 16 no. 3 p. 553-554 (1973, 3ème exploration de la Nouvelle-Guinée) ; IH2 56

• Commentaires : D'abord endémique de Hondo (Japon), il fut retrouvé par Hongo en Nouvelle-Guinée, puis signalé de Chine (Sichuan,Yunnan), Corée et Taïwan. Nos récoltes : Mihara et Takatsuki Kansai.  Quercus-Castanopsis. Substrat: Terricole (ˆ terre).  
  Promenade Toshie avec Inoue Kazuhiro, Naoko et Megumu
• 
  Diffère de Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus par ses couleurs noisette, brun olivacé, et ses spores plus courtes (versus 9–12 x 3.4–4.5 µ) Tylopilus felleus montre un chapeau brun jaunâtre à gris olivacé et un réseau remarquable sur le stipe jaunâtre, des spores plus petites et des pleurocystides plus longues.

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Collections from India

Description.

Pileus 70-120 mm broad, convex to broadly convex; surface distinctly tomentose to subvelvety, dry, subviscid when wet; reddish-brown (8-9F4) when young, rosewood (9C5) to vinaceous-brown (16C5) with maturity, fawn (7E4) towards margin. Pores yellowish-white or cream with a pinkish tinge, orange-grey (6B2) with age; pore 2-3/mm, rounded. Tubes 10-15 mm, adnate-sinuate, white in colour, yellow-brown or orange white with maturity. Stipe 60-100 × 18-22 mm, cylindrical, solid, surface dry, glabrous to subvelutinous, typically distinctly reticulate at apex, reticulation greyish-ruby (12 C–D 4) to dark ruby (12F5); surface pinkish brown to vinaceous or violaceous, dark brown to reddish-brown with maturity. Context chalky white, but pinkish-brown when exposed. Spore print not obtained.

Basidiospores 10 –11.5– 13.5 × 4 –4.6– 5.2 µm (n = 30, Q = 2.05 –2.48– 2.76), ellipsoid to narrowly subfusoid, inequilateral, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 30-36 × 10-11 µm, 4-spored, clavate, thin-walled, hyaline or pale grey in KOH. Pleurocystidia 35 -66 × 14-24 µm, scattering and numerous, fusoid-ventricose or subclavate, with orange brown contents. Cheilocystidia 33-38 × 9-12 µm, ventricose to fusoid, shorter and smaller than pleurocystidia thin-walled, with orange brown contents. Pileipellis 100-150 µm thick, an ixotrichoderm of suberect, branched, septate hyphae; terminal elements ventricose to fusoid, vaculolated, 28-50 × 12-14 µm, with granular yellowish to brown orange contents in KOH; subterminal elements mostly with incrustations. Stipitipellis 35-65 µm, fertile, composed of basidia and cystidia. Caulocystidia 52-63 × 8-13 µm, fusoid to subfusoid, ventricose to ventricose-rostrate or narrowly cylindrical, content granular. Clamp connection absent in all tissues.

Habitat.

Under Castanopsis sp. in temperate broadleaf forest.

Known distribution.

Japan ( Kawamura 1954; Hongo 1960; Imazeki et al. 1970, 1988; Takahashi 1986; Gelardi et al. 2015), China ( Ying and Zang 1994; Li and Song 2000; Wang et al. 2004; Fu et al. 2006; Wu et al. 2011; Gelardi et al. 2015), Russia ( Vasil’jeva 1978) and New Guinea ( Hongo 1973).

Specimens examined.

India. Sikkim: East district, Fambonglo WLS, 2021 m alt., N27°21'47.5" E88°34'13.2", 26 Aug 2016, D. Chakraborty & K. Das, DC 16-63 (CAL); ibid., D. Chakraborty & K. Das, DC 16-64 (CAL).

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Taiwanese collections :

Description：	Pileus 3-6 cm broad, pulvinate to broadly convex; surface distinctly tomentose, dry, subviscid when wet, smooth to occasionally rimose toward the margin when old; vinaceous-brown in color; context thick, white, but pinkish brown when exposed, often vinaceous-red around the larval tunnel, no odor but with a very bitter taste. Tube 0.6-1.2 cm deep, adnate, white in color, vinaceous-brown to yellow-brown when old. Pores 1-1.5 mm broad, circular to angular, usually elongate near the stipe. Stipe 3-6 cm long, 0.7-1.1 cm thick, equal or flared either above or below, or both, solid, surface dry, glabrous to subvelutinous, typically distinctly reticulate at apex; color pinkish brown to vinaceous, often with ochre red streaks, staining ding pinkish brown when handled; context firm, white, pinkish brown when cut. Spore deposit maroon, spores 11-14 × 4-5 μm, ellipsoid to narrowly subfusoid in face view, obscurely inequilateral in profile, smooth, thin-walled, with a slight suprahilar depression, pale melleous in KOH, hyaline in Melzer,s. Basidia 30-39 × 10-13 μm, clavate, thin-walled, with two or four spores, hyaline or pale gray in KOH, pale yellow in Melzer,s. Pleurocystidia 49-107 × 14-24 μm, scattering and numerous, fusoid-ventricose, often with an elongated neck and obtuse apex, with umbrinous contents. Cheilocystidia 33-43 × 13-17 μm, ventricose but obtuse at top, numerous, shorter and smaller than pleurocystidia under microscope, thin-walled, with dark fawn contents, pallid brown in KOH, dark fawn in Melzer,s. Pileus cutis of appressed hyphae, end cells ventricose and concentrating at the subacute apex, each 38-46 μm in length, 12-14 μm in diameter, with granular yellowish contents in KOH; lower cells mostly cylindrical and 12-14 μm broad with constricted septa. Hyphae in subcutis, 7-9 μm thick. Trama bilateral type. No clamps observed.
Specimens：	Taiwan, Chiayi: Da-Tung-Shan, alt. 1,500 m, 14 Jun 2002, Chen CM. 3246.
Habitat：	Scatter under broad-leaved forest.
Distribution：	Taiwan, China (Sichuan,Yunnan), Japan, New Guinea.
References：	Chen, CM et al. 2004.
Provided：	C. M. Chen
Note：	T. neofelleus is closely related to T. felleus (Bull.: Fr.) Karst. and T. plumbeoviolaceus (Snell) Snell et Dick. The three species are distinguishable in the field by differences in their morphological characters. T. felleus has a yellowish brown pileus with olive-gray color and distinct reticulation on its yellowish stipe, while T. plumbeoviolaceus has an olive-brown to avellaneous carpophore, and T. neofelleus has smaller spores and longer pleurocystidia, as compared to those of T. felleus. Also, spores of T. neofelleus are evidently longer (11-14 μm) than those of T. plumbeoviolaceus (7.5-9.5 μm) under microscopic examination .

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