白鬼茸 Démon blanc hirsute (Amanita virgineoides Bas 1969)

• Etymologie : Fausse Amanite vierge

• Synonymes   

Amanita vittadinii ss. Hongo (1954) , Journal of Japanese botany, 29, p. 88
Amanita virgineoides Bas (1969) , Persoonia, 5(4), p. 435 (Basionyme)

Description par Hongo des récoltes japonaises:

• Basidiomycota / Homobasidiomycetes / Amanitales / Amanitaceae

• Chapeau 7-15 cm, hémisphérique puis convexe, longtemps blanc, ochracé pâle dans la vieillesse, entièrement couvert de verrues blanches coniques à pyramidales.

• Lames libres, serrées, inégales, blanches, entières.

• Stipe central, 8-20 × 2-3 cm, massif, blanc, couvert de verrues coniques.

• Anneau membraneux, blanc, fragile.
  Volve bulbeuse, blanche, couvertes de verrues coniques.

• Spores : largement ellipsoïdes, hyalines, lisses, amyloïdes 7,5-10 × 6-8 μm, hyphes non bouclées

• Habitat : Solitaire ou en petits groupes, sous feuillus ou sous Pinus
  

• Répartition : Japon, Chine, Corée du Sud

• Comestibilité inconnue, réputé très toxique rn Chine, aucun incident n'a cependant été rapporté au Japon.
  
  Références bibliographiques : IH1 232 ; IOH p. 170-171 ;

• Original description by T. Hongo in 1954 as : Amanita vittadinii (Mor.) Vitt. Tent. Mycol. 31 (1826).
  Leρidella vittadinii Gilbert (1925).
  
  Gigantic, entirely white.
  
  Pileus 20 cm broad, convex，then plane ; surface dry，densely covered with separable，small，erect，pyramidal or polygonal fragments of volva, margin not striate;
  
  context white，soft，taste mild，odour agreeable，becoming rather strong and unpleasant when dry; lamellae free，close (L=96; l=1- 3)，becoming somewhat cream color, ventricose，thick，edges almost even;.
  
  stipe 22 cm long, 2.5 cm thick at the middle portion，enlarged toward the base (5 cm)，solid，floccosely scaly，enlarged portion encircled by several concentric rings of warts formed of the fragments of volva; ring large，superior，menibranous，warty below，very fugacious;
  
  spores hyaline under the microscope，broadly ellipsoid to subglobose，smooth，thin-walled，8-11 x 6.5-7.5μ，amyloid; basidia four-spored，30-37 X 7.5-11μ; hymenophoral trama bilateral.
  
  Hab. Solitary on the ground in woods，Miidera， Otsu，Sept. 16， 1953. Distr. Japan，Europe.
  
  Previously the writer reported this species under the name Lepidella vittadinii [Kenkyu Ronshu (Bull. Facul. Lib. Arts and Educ. Shiga Univ.)， 1: 93 (1952) J， basing on the materials from Omi collected by Mr. Chutaro Hashimoto in 1936, but these were too young to examine the microscopic characters
  .
  The writer，however，had the pleasure of collecting fresh specimen :in the end of autumn of the last year, and the above brief description was made from it

Description des récoltes chinoises (hyphes bouclées !) par Zhu L. Yang and R. E. Tulloss:

• 
  Basidiocarps medium-sized to large. Pileus 7 - 15 (-20) cm wide, convex to applanate, sometimes concave, white, covered with white, conical to pyramid volval remnants 1 - 3 mm high and wide; the cap margin is smooth and appendiculate; and the context is white and unchanging.
  
  The gills are free to subfree and white to cream; the short gills are attenuate.
  
  The stipe is 10 - 20 x 1.5 - 3 cm, subcylindric or slightly attenuate upwards, white, covered with white floccose squamules; the context is white; the stipe's basal bulb is 3 - 4 cm wide, ventricose, ovoid to subglobose, with its upper part covered with white, verrucose to granular volval remnants.  The annulus is white; its upper surface bears fine, radial striations; and its lower surface, verrucose to conical warts.  The annulus is often broken during expansion of the cap.
  
  The spores measure (7-) 8 - 10 (-11.5) x (5.5-) 6.0 - 7.5 (-8.5) µm and are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid and amyloid.  Clamps are common at bases of basidia.
  
  The species was originally described from Japan. Amanita virgineoides is also known from China and South Korea.
  Bas (1969) defined his stirps Virgineoides based on the present species.  This stirps also includes A. miculifera Bas & Hatan. and A. gracilior Bas ex Bas & Honrubia. -- Zhu L. Yang and R. E. Tulloss
  
  Habitat solitary to a few together in hardwood forests, mixed hardwood-conifer (Quercus & Pinus) forests, summer-fall. Distribution: Japan. China, Korea.
  
  Pileus 9-20 cm across, spherical when young, then convex to plain, margin with debris of annulus, surface covered with white powder, and covered with pyramidal warts which tend to be separable.
  Lamellae white, later cream.
  Stipe 12-22 x 1.5-2.5 cm, cylindrical, bottom enlarged toward the base which is clavate, surface white with warts; annulus is wiped off when the pileus opens.
  
  False virgin's lepidella (Amanita virgineoides) belongs to Amanitaceae (Amanita family). It is a fungi that is distributed to Japan, southern Korean Peninsula and China. This fungi occurs in forest floors of Japanese red pine, oak or quercus from summer to fall. The pileus is white and covered with numerous conical volval remnants. The stipe is also white, swollen clavate at the base and covered with conical volval remnants. This fungi is said (?) to be extremely-poisonous, though no cases have been reported in Japan, so far.

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散歩していたら，コナラとサクラなどの混じる落葉樹の林で白く大きなキノコを見つけた。成長途中のシロオニタケのようだ。まだまだ大きくなる。
シロオニタケ（Amanita virgineoides Bas）は，テングタケ科テングタケ属に属し，日本と韓国に分布するキノコということだ。
見るからに毒キノコという装いをしている。ところが，不思議なことにも，このキノコが毒キノコかどうかはよく分かっていない。おそらく，あまりにも毒キノコらしい姿をしているので，誰も食べたことがないのだろう。（笑）
私は，このキノコをこれまで何度も見た。大きなものは傘の直径が20センチ以上になる。この写真のものは，傘の直径が12センチ前後だったので，まだまだ大きくなる途中のものだろうと思う。
「オニタケ」という名をもらっているだけあって，傘の表面にトゲのような突起がたくさんある。造形として見た場合，非常に興味深いキノコだと思う。